This lecture series will cover:

1. Electron structure (shells, subshells, orbitals and valences)

2. Types of bonds (valence bonds)

3. Molecular orbital and VSEPR

 

An ionic bond is formed via the loss or gain of electrons to make a Noble Gas configuration. This commonly occurs between a metal and a non-metal where it forms a positive and negative ion. The opposite forces of these ions then attract to form a giant ionic lattice. 

 

A covalent bond is formed via the sharing of an electron pair in order to make a molecule. This occurs between two non-metal elements. 

 

A dative covalent bond is also called a co-ordinate bond and exists when both electrons in a shared pair are donated by one atom.

 

Shapes of molecules:

• Spatial structure of molecules is referred to a VSEPR

• The spatial structure depends of the composition of molecules and what bonds they are formed of 

• Lone pairs of electrons repel electrons more strongly so decrease the bond angle by 2.5